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历史:
ar·ti·fi·cial
\\ˌär-tə-ˈfi-shəl\\ adjective
 DATE  14th century
1. humanly contrived often on a natural model : man-made
    an artificial limb
    artificial diamonds
2.
  a. having existence in legal, economic, or political theory
  b. caused or produced by a human and especially social or political agency
      an artificial price advantage
      artificial barriers of discrimination — R. C. Weaver
3. obsolete : artful, cunning
4.
  a. lacking in natural or spontaneous quality
      an artificial smile
      an artificial excitement
  b. imitation, sham
      artificial flavor
5. based on differential morphological characters not necessarily indicative of natural relationships
    an artificial key for plant identification
ar·ti·fi·ci·al·i·ty \\ˌär-tə-ˌfi-shē-ˈa-lə-tē\\ noun
ar·ti·fi·cial·ly \\-ˈfi-shəl-ē\\ adverb
ar·ti·fi·cial·ness \\-ˈfi-shəl-nəs\\ noun

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